Vice President of India
Political executive
Article 63 · Article 64 · Article 65 · Article 66
De jure
50
De facto
30
Volatility
45
Legitimacy
55
In theory
Second-highest constitutional office; ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, and steps in as Acting President if the presidency falls vacant or the President cannot discharge duties.
In practice
A genuine dual-hat role: as Rajya Sabha Chairman the office is meant to preside neutrally, but in December 2024 opposition parties filed the first-ever no-confidence motion against a sitting Chairman (Jagdeep Dhankhar), accusing him of partisan conduct -- and in July 2025 he resigned abruptly and without precedent, citing health reasons, after chairing a session hours earlier.
Sources
- Constitution of India, Articles 63-66
- Reuters/wire coverage of Jagdeep Dhankhar's resignation as Vice President, 21-22 July 2025